![]() Dhanavantari was the author of a medical glossary ( Nighantu) his period is uncertain. Varahamihira is known to have lived in 6th century CE. The period of Kalidasa is debated, but most historians place him around 5th century CE. Vararuchi is believed to have lived around 3rd or 4th century CE. There is no historical evidence to show that these nine scholars were contemporary figures or proteges of the same king. Sircar calls this tradition "absolutely worthless for historical purposes". There is no mention of such "Navaratnas" in earlier literature. Other scholars have variously dated the text to the 13th century ( Sudhakara Dvivedi), 16th century ( A.B. ![]() Mirashi dates the work to 12th century, and points out that it could not have been composed by Kalidasa, because it contains grammatical faults. However, Jyotirvid-abharana is a literary forgery of a date later than Kalidasa, and was probably attributed to Kalidasa to popularize it. Another popular tradition mentions the astronomer Brahmagupta and the magician Vaitalik instead of Ghatkharpar and Vetala-Bhatta.
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